Carl Johan Östgren

Clinicians perspective on the optimal use of laboratory results in diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes type 2

From a clinician's perspective, the optimal use of laboratory results is crucial in the diagnosis and monitoring of Type 2 diabetes. Laboratory tests provide objective data that help in confirming a diagnosis, assessing the severity of the disease, and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment plans. Diagnosis: The primary laboratory tests used for diagnosing Type 2 diabetes include fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The HbA1c test is particularly valuable as it reflects average blood glucose levels over the past six to eight weeks, providing a comprehensive view of a patient's glucose control. Clinicians rely on these tests to make an accurate diagnosis and to differentiate between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Monitoring: Once diagnosed, regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential. HbA1c remains a cornerstone in this process, typically measured every six months. It helps clinicians evaluate long-term glucose control and adjust treatment plans accordingly. Additionally, periodic testing of fasting glucose and postprandial glucose levels can provide insights into daily glucose fluctuations and the effectiveness of dietary and pharmacological interventions. Other Laboratory Tests: Clinicians also use other laboratory tests to monitor complications associated with diabetes. These include lipid profiles to assess cardiovascular risk, kidney function tests (e.g., serum creatinine and urine albumin) to detect early signs of nephropathy, and liver function tests to monitor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is common in diabetic patients. In summary, the optimal use of laboratory results enables clinicians to diagnose Type 2 diabetes accurately, tailor treatment plans, and monitor for complications, ultimately improving patient outcomes.